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Art †A special fee is charged for all studio courses.
General Education Courses *
Writing Intensive Courses WR
Speaking Intensive Courses SP
NOTE: We do not guarantee that all courses listed will be offered every year. Many classes are offered every third or fourth semester. For a five-year list of offerings, please go to the Art programs web site at www.longwood.edu/art or contact the Department of Theatre, Art and Graphic and Animation Design.
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ART 413 - Intermediate Jewelry and Metalsmithing
3 credits.
Continued exploration of various metals and techniques with strong emphasis on design.
Prerequisite(s): ART 212 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 416 - Jewelry and Metalsmithing: Casting
3 credits.
Exploration of the lost wax casting process with strong emphasis on design and experimentation.
Prerequisite(s): ART 212 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 419 - Advanced Jewelry and Metalsmithing
3 credits.
Continued exploration of various metals and techniques with strong emphasis on design.
Prerequisite(s): ART 212 and ART 413 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 423 - Senior Project Mid-Assessment Zero Credit Course
Zero Credit.
Assessment of both the fourth-year student’s senior project at the mid-way point and the student’s presentation of said senior project. Grading is pass/no-pass.
Prerequisite(s): ART 383 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 430 - Drawing Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed drawings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 431 , ART 432 , ART 433 with permission of instructor, for a maximum of 12 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 130 , ART 131 , and ART 230
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 431 - Drawing Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed drawings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 431, ART 432 , ART 433 with permission of instructor, for a maximum of 12 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 130 , ART 131 , and ART 230
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 432 - Drawing Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed drawings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 431 , 432, ART 433 with permission of instructor, for a maximum of 12 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 130 , ART 131 , and ART 230
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 433 - Drawing Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed drawings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 431 , ART 432 , 433 with permission of instructor, for a maximum of 12 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 130 , ART 131 , and ART 230
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 441 - The Teaching of Art in the Secondary Schools
3 credits.
A concentrated study of contemporary practices, theory, technology and materials necessary for the formulation of a meaningful art program in the secondary school. For art majors only.
Prerequisite(s): ART 442 , Entrance to Teacher Preparation Program or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 442 - The Teaching of Art in the Elementary Schools
3 credits.
A concentrated study of theory, methods and materials necessary for the formulation of a meaningful, creative art program in the elementary school. For art majors only.
Prerequisite(s): Entrance to Teacher Preparation Program or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 448 - Integrated Arts/Visual Arts
3 credits.
A study of the value and practical application of integrating the arts across all content areas of the curriculum with a focus on the plastic arts. Students will gain an understanding of the role of the creative process in the classroom and will investigate the various means of expressing ideas, emotions and images through the use of visual arts, music, drama, movement, and theatre.
Prerequisite(s): Junior or Senior Status or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 450 - Printmaking Studio
3 credits.
The student will select an area of concentration and problems of specialization in printmaking media and technique. May be continued as ART 451, 452, and 453.
Prerequisite(s): ART 250 , ART 252 , ART 351 or ART 352 . Permission of instructor required for enrollment.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 456 - Photography Studio
3 credits.
Self-directed work in photographic media with emphasis on experimentation and artistic expression. Students work independently and meet for regularly scheduled group discussions and critique sessions. May be repeated for credit.
Prerequisite(s): ART 155 , ART 254 , ART 256 , ART 355 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 457 - Editions
3 credits.
This course integrates papermaking, printmaking, bookbinding, image and text. Students will develop content, form paper, create images, and produce multiples resulting in contemporary book forms or sculptural installations. Emphasis is on sequential design and examining alternative possibilities to conceptualizing the artist book form. Editions offers a continued exploration in the diverse medium of the contemporary print world. Course can be repeated for up to six credits.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 462 - Professional Practices in Art
3 credits.
Designed specifically for and required of all art major seniors, this course enables students to examine and apply elements of professional practices common to all senior art majors through invited speakers, presentations, demonstrations and on-site visits.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
*Fulfills General Education Goal 14.
SP
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ART 465 - Advanced Crafts I, II, III
3 credits.
Continued exploration of functional and non-functional craft objects with strong emphasis on original designs and independent study. Students will focus on a specific media or combine unique and creative solutions of a variety of media. Each course builds on the preceding course depending on the student’s needs and progress.
Prerequisite(s): ART 110 , ART 120 and permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 466 - Advanced Crafts I, II, III
3 credits.
Continued exploration of functional and non-functional craft objects with strong emphasis on original designs and independent study. Students will focus on a specific media or combine unique and creative solutions of a variety of media. Each course builds on the preceding course depending on the student’s needs and progress.
Prerequisite(s): ART 110 , ART 120 and permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 467 - Advanced Crafts I, II, III
3 credits.
Continued exploration of functional and non-functional craft objects with strong emphasis on original designs and independent study. Students will focus on a specific media or combine unique and creative solutions of a variety of media. Each course builds on the preceding course depending on the student’s needs and progress.
Prerequisite(s): ART 110 , ART 120 and permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 471 - Painting Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed paintings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 472 and ART 473 with permission of instructor, for a maximum total of 9 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 270 or equivalent
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 472 - Painting Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed paintings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 472 and ART 473 with permission of instructor, for a maximum total of 9 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 270 or equivalent
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 473 - Painting Studio
3 credits.
Students will create self-directed paintings that relate to their own conceptual interests, processes, media and techniques. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be continued as ART 472 and 473 with permission of instructor, for a maximum total of 9 credits.
Prerequisite(s): ART 270 or equivalent
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 480 - Sculpture Studio
3 credits.
The student will select media and techniques and set up individual problems. Permission of instructor required for enrollment. May be repeated as ART 481, 482, etc.
Prerequisite(s): ART 381 , ART 382 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 483 - Senior Project Final Assessment Zero Credit Course
Zero Credit.
Assessment of the fourth-year student’s finished senior project and the student’s presentation of said portfolio.
Prerequisite(s): ART 423 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 490 - Directed or Independent Study
1-18 credits.
Must be approved by the head of the department.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 492 - Internship in Art
1-18 credits.
A semester-long, on-the-job learning experience designed to apply the principles of art.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 495 - Special Topics
1-3 credits.
Selected topics in Art. The topics may vary from semester to semester. Descriptions are available from academic advisors. May be repeated for credit when topics change.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 496 - Art/Craft
3, 6, or 9 credits.
Apprenticeship Program. An individually tailored program similar to student teaching that allows a student to gain valuable on-the-job experience in any non-teaching art environment. Student must have an art faculty sponsor, approval of department head and apply one semester in advance.
Prerequisite(s): 75 credit hours and a 2.5 GPA.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 497 - Research Projects in Art
1-3 credits.
This course provides students with an opportunity for independent original research in art.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ART 498 - Honors Research in Art
3 credits.
Students conduct research in art under the direction of a faculty member and the Senior Honors Research Committee. May be repeated as 499.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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Athletic Training Writing Intensive Courses WR
Speaking Intensive Courses SP
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ATTR 200 - Introduction to Athletic Training
3 credits.
A survey of the area of Athletic Training and Sports Medicine and their professional applications. The course is designed as an initial experience for students considering a career in athletic training or physical therapy. Open to non-majors.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 210 - Basic Skills in Athletic Training
3 credits.
Practical study of procedures for the evaluation and treatment of injuries within the athletic environment which includes classroom instruction in selected basic skills. The course also involves a directed observation experience requirement and participation in the student mentor program.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 250 - Athletic Training Clinical Orientation
0 credits.
Orientation to basic therapeutic modalities, including proper set-up as well as indications, contraindications, and precautions for safe and effective use.
Prerequisite(s): Admission to the Athletic Training Education Program.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 300 - Injury Mechanism and Assessment I (Lower Extremity)
3 credits.
An examination of the mechanism and pathology of injuries to the lower extremities. Detailed anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, and immediate care are discussed.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 210 , BIOL 207 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 310 - Injury Mechanism and Assessment II (Upper Extremity)
3 credits.
An examination of the mechanism and pathology of injuries to the upper extremities. Detailed anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, and immediate care are discussed.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 210 , BIOL 207 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 320 - Therapeutic Modalities
3 credits.
The use of therapeutic modalities for the treatment of the injured athlete. The course includes an introduction to the physiological principles and operational procedures of contemporary therapeutic modalities as they relate to the care and treatment of athletic injuries.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 210 and PHYS 102 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 325 - Principles of Therapeutic Exercise
3 credits.
An introduction to the concepts and principles of comprehensive rehabilitation programs including determination of therapeutic goals and objectives, selection of therapeutic exercises, methods of evaluating and recording rehabilitation progress, development of criteria for return to competition, and the physiological effects of tissue trauma/wound healing and inactivity/immobilization.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 210 , KINS 386 , PHYS 101 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 326 - Applied Therapeutic Exercise
2 credits.
This course emphasized the application of principles and theory of therapeutic exercise in order to develop proficiency in case management and advanced rehabilitation skills using critical thinking and problem solving proficiency. Content of this course includes skillful rehabilitation examination and the design and analysis of therapeutic exercise programs. Units include gait, training, Swiss balls/foam rollers rehabilitation and the application of therapeutic techniques for specific musculoskeletal injuries and conditions.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 325 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 330 - Injury Mechanism and Assessment III (Head, Neck, and Spine)
3 credits.
An examination of the mechanism and pathology of injuries to the head, neck, and trunk. Detailed anatomy, biomechanics, evaluation, and immediate care are discussed.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 210 , BIOL 207 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 371 - Clinical Methods in Athletic Training I
2 credits.
Supervised application and mastery of basic clinical proficiencies in a clinical and laboratory setting. Focus is on evaluative methods including manual muscle testing, ROM, goniometry and palpation.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 250 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 372 - Clinical Methods in Athletic Training II
2 credits.
Continuation of proficiency mastery through clinical instruction in a laboratory setting as well as practical experience. Coursework relates to special testing, padding and bracing, protective equipment, and casting.
Prerequisite(s): admission to the athletic training program.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 410 - Athletic Training Administration
3 credits.
This course utilizes an experiential approach to examine the administration of athletic training programs. Content of this course includes professional communications, record keeping, financial and human resource management, insurance and legal liability issues, professionalism, public relations, and facility planning, design and operation.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 330 .
Corequisite(s): None.
WR.
SP.
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ATTR 420 - Medical Aspects in Athletic Training
3 credits.
The emphasis of this course is on general medical conditions prevalent in athletic populations. Focus is on the recognition, treatment and prognosis of skin conditions, congenital deformities, disease, special populations, and environmental factors. Epidemiology, counseling techniques, and current pharmacology concepts are discussed.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 206 , BIOL 207 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 450 - Current Manual Therapy Techniques
2 credits.
This class will provide a clinically and anatomically based approach to the use of current manual therapy techniques. Special attention will be directed towards investigating the use of therapeutic massage, myofascial release, muscle energy and the use of therapeutic devices, such as foam rollers, spiked balls, and the fibroblaster.
Prerequisite(s): ATTR 300 or by permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 470 - Clinical Research Methods
3 credits.
This course introduces the student to investigative methods of clinical research. Content includes how research contributes to the development of athletic training knowledge, improves athletic training practice, and enhances education and professional accountability. The research process and evidence-based practice are emphasized. Review of literature, definition of problem and formatting and design, reporting data and conclusions are presented.
Prerequisite(s): MATH 271 or MATH 301 .
Corequisite(s): None.
WR.
SP.
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ATTR 471 - Clinical Methods in Athletic Training III
2 credits.
Supervised application and mastery of advanced clinical proficiencies related to evaluation and management of athletic related injuries and conditions. Included coursework involves isokinetic testing skills.
Prerequisite(s): admission to the athletic training program.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 472 - Clinical Methods in Athletic Training IV
2 credits.
Continuation of advanced proficiency mastery in athletic clinical education and isokinetic evaluation and interpretation are covered.
Prerequisite(s): admission to the athletic training program.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 473 - Clinical Methods in Athletic Training V
2 credits.
Concentrated clinical experience in athletic training. Mastery of proficiencies related to assessment and rehabilitation of athletic injuries, as well as management and administration of the athletic training room. Includes certification examination review.
Prerequisite(s): admission to the athletic training program.
Corequisite(s): None.
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ATTR 492 - Clinical Internship in Athletic Training
12 credits.
Supervised off-campus on-the-job learning experience designed to give students an opportunity to gain practical experience in a private clinic, educational setting, or sports organization which is involved in athletic health care.
Prerequisite(s): Completion of all required courses.
Corequisite(s): None.
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Biology A special fee is charged for all courses with laboratories.
General Education Course *
Writing Intensive Course WR
Speaking Intensive Course SP
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BIOL 101 - Biological Concepts and Applications
4 credits.
This course introduces students to the nature, methods, and applications of biology. Conceptual topics include methods of biological investigation, molecular and cellular features of living things, mechanisms for the evolution and continuity of life, and ecological interactions among individuals, populations and their environment. Issues of contemporary and historical importance will be used to illustrate conceptual topics and demonstrate biology’s relevance to the quality of human life and history and future of human civilizations. Not open to Biology or Liberal Studies majors. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
*Fulfills General Education Goal 6.
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BIOL 114 - Fundamentals of Life Science
4 credits.
An inquiry into the common features of life at the molecular, cellular, and organismic levels. Emphasis on classification, life cycles, metabolic processes, genetics, ecology, evolution, and importance in society. For Liberal Studies majors or students seeking licensure. Does not meet the requirements for a biology major or minor. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 120 - Integrative Biology
4 credits.
The first of a three-semester introduction to the study of biology. The course introduces students to the nature, methods, and applications of biology. Students will be asked to think critically on a broad range of biological topics, from the molecular, cellular, and developmental bases of life to the evolutionary and ecological relationships of individuals and populations. Open only to biology and integrated environmental science majors & minors. Biology majors and minors must earn at least a C- in this course before taking advanced courses. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 121 - The Unity of Life
4 credits.
The first of a two-semester introduction to Longwood-level study of biology for biology and health pre-professional majors. Major topics include the molecular and cellular basis of life, energy and life, photosynthesis and cellular respiration, classical and molecular genetics, mechanisms of evolution, and classification schemes. Open only to biology majors and minors, environmental sciences minors, and health pre-professional majors. Biology majors must earn at least a C- in this course before taking advanced courses. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 122 - The Diversity of Life
4 credits.
The second of a two-semester introduction to Longwood-level study of biology for biology and health pre-professional majors. Major topics include eubacteria and archaea; protists; fungi; plant structure, reproduction and development; major animal phyla; animal reproduction and development; and ecological relationships, populations, communities, and ecosystems. Open only to biology majors and minors, environmental sciences minors, and health pre-professional majors. Biology majors must earn at least a C- in this course before taking advanced courses. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 206 - Human Anatomy and Physiology I
4 credits.
Basic physiological principles and integrated anatomy and physiology of the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous and endocrine systems. Does not meet requirements of biology major and may not enroll if BIOL 301 has already been completed. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 207 - Human Anatomy and Physiology II
4 credits.
Human Anatomy and Physiology II. Basic physiological principles and integrated human anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, metabolic, urinary, and reproductive systems. Does not meet requirements of biology major and may not enroll if BIOL 302 has already been completed. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 250 - Introduction to Genetics and Cell Biology
4 credits.
The second tier of a three-semester introduction to the study of biology. This course introduces students to the molecular mechanisms that govern cellular growth, homeostasis, and response to external stimuli. Students will be asked to think critically on a broad range of biological topics focused on the cellular, molecular, and genetic basis of life. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 120 with a minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 251 - Introduction to Ecology and Evolution
4 credits.
The second tier of a three-semester introduction to the study of biology. An examination of the central concepts of evolutionary and ecological theory and application. The principles underlying the interactions of organisms within their environments including the population, community, and ecosystem levels of organization are discussed. The lab normally includes local field trips and the completion of research assignments as part of a functional team. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 120 with minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 288 - Sophomore Seminar
3 credits.
The primary emphasis of this course is on the enhancement of scientific reading, writing, and critical thinking skills. Biological concepts that were introduced in previous introductory courses will be reinforced through readings and discussions of primary literature. Various forms of scientific writing will also be taught and practiced through multiple writing assignments. Other miscellaneous topics related to scientific research and career preparation will also be considered.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 120 , BIOL 250 , and BIOL 251 with minimum grades of C- and MATH 171 , or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
WR.
SP.
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BIOL 295 - Special Topics in Biology
1-6 credits.
Specialized courses on a variety of topics that may be offered periodically.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 301 - Comprehensive Human Anatomy and Physiology I
4 credits.
Integrative human anatomy with advanced physiological principles. Topics covered include pathophysiology as well as the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, and endocrine systems. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 302 - Comprehensive Human Anatomy and Physiology II
4 credits.
Basic physiological principles and integrated human anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular, lymphatic, immune, respiratory, digestive, metabolic, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 301 or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 303 - Vertebrate Morphology
4 credits.
A comparative study of embryonic development, anatomy and evolution in representative vertebrate groups. 2 lecture periods. Two 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 304 - Microbiology for the Healthcare Professional
4 credits.
A study of the structure, physiology and activity of microorganisms as related to their role in nature, disease, and human affairs. This course will examine the key roles of symbiosis with emphasis on the host-pathogen relationship as it affects humans. Basic concepts and fundamental techniques for the isolation, growth, and identification of bacteria and fungi are stressed. This course does not fulfill the Cell and Molecular Area requirement for the biology major (students should take BIOL 305 instead to fulfill that requirement). Either BIOL 304 or BIOL 305 may be used to satisfy elective requirements for the biology major, but no student may take both of these courses. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 250 , or both BIOL 206 and BIOL 207 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 305 - General Microbiology
4 credits.
Microorganisms make life possible, and their study has taken life science into the molecular age. This course is designed primarily for biology majors and will introduce the fundamentals of prokaryotic cell structure and function, metabolism and physiology, taxonomy, microbial genetics and mechanisms of gene transfer inclusive of both bacteria and viruses. Discussions will emphasize the profound importance of microbial symbiosis ranging from key trophic interactions in the biosphere to key influences upon the human microbiome. This course will provide conceptual background sufficient to enable students to engage more advanced coursework in related fields. Either BIOL 304 or BIOL 305 may be used to satisfy elective requirements for the biology major, but no student may take both of these courses. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 and CHEM 211 , or permission of the instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 306 - Vertebrate Physiology
4 credits.
The principal functional processes in vertebrate organs and organ systems including respiration, circulation, hormonal coordination, water balance, thermoregulation, nervous coordination, and responses to special environments. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 111 with a minimum grade of C-; BIOL 288 (may be taken concurrently); or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 309 - Plant Biology
4 credits.
An examination of major groups of photosynthetic organisms, with emphasis on vascular plants. Major topics include (1) evolution and biodiversity, (2) comparative structure, function, and organization, (3) reproduction, development, and growth, and (4) ecological and human importance. Students will be challenged to think critically and to build an integrated understanding of plants, from knowledge of their unique biochemistry to their important roles in ecosystems. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 311 - Studies Abroad
1-18 credits.
Primarily intended for transfer of credit earned abroad in courses in biology.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 312 - Studies Abroad
1-18 credits.
Primarily intended for transfer of credit earned abroad in courses in biology.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 315 - Invertebrate Zoology
4 credits.
A survey of the most prominent branches of the phylogenetic tree. Working from the protozoans to the chordates, this course explores evolution, systematics, physiology, morphology, life history, ecology and behavior of select species. This phylogenetic context will provide a unique opportunity to understand the problems common to all life and how evolution has solved them. Labs will include studying the body plans of major phylogenetic groups to understand how structure and function are interlinked. Course coverage includes many groups important to medicine (e.g. many parasitic organisms) as well as to other disciplines such as geology, ecology, paleontology and neuroscience. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 324 - Genetics
4 credits.
A study of classical and molecular genetics that emphasizes the nature of hereditary material, gene transmission and expression, linkage and recombination, and gene action and regulation. Lectures will cover a broad range of topics addressing both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. Issues and ethics concerning the human condition will be addressed. Laboratory activities will target the application of a variety of practical, critical thinking, and technical skills. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 326 - Cell Biology
4 credits.
A study of the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The course will focus on cellular structures, membranes, and organelles, internal cellular functions including cytoskeleton, aerobic respiration, DNA replication, gene expression, cell cycle and the endomembrane system, external cellular matrix and cell attachment, and signaling pathways. Laboratory activities will target the application of a variety of practical, critical thinking, and technical skills. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 330 - Conservation Biology
4 credits.
A multifaceted course focused on the application of basic ecological principles to complex conservation problems. Successful conservation efforts require that biological solutions be meshed with political, social, and economic realities, and thus conservation biology is an interdisciplinary field. Class discussions and projects will apply basic concepts to the high-stakes field of endangered species management as well as local, regional, and global biodiversity conservation. Students will be required to complete research assignments independently and as part of a functional team. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
SP.
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BIOL 341 - Ecology
4 credits.
Mechanisms underlying ecological concepts will be explored in-depth with critical discussions of classical and contemporary literature. Field and laboratory exercises will emphasize experimental design, execution, and data analysis. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 342 - Biogeography
4 credits. Crosslisted With: (EASC 342 ) (GEOG 342 )
An investigation of the past and present geographic distribution of organisms on land and in water. This broad, interdisciplinary course will combine insights from biology, ecology, geography, and geology to examine changes in species distribution over space and time. The course will investigate: 1) historical and present day patterns in biological diversity 2) the geologic, climatic, and ecological factors controlling these patterns, 3) the influence of humanity on biogeography, and 4) the conservation of biodiversity. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 345 - Tropical Ecology
4 credits.
A study of evolutionary, ecological, and conservation biology in the New World tropics through intense field work in a Latin American country. Focal areas include identification of typical species of the area, with emphasis on plants, birds, herpetofauna, and mammals; student research projects focused on a question of interest and relevance; and application of key biological concepts in the environmental and cultural context.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 251 with minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 360 - Developmental Biology
4 credits.
One of the most complex processes in biology is the transformation of a single cell - the fertilized egg - into an adult organism. This course provides an introduction to the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that direct the development of multicellular organisms. Topics include: gametogenesis, fertilization, gastrulation, organogenesis, sex determination, developmental gene regulation, teratology, aging, and ethics. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
SP.
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BIOL 370 - Ichthyology
4 credits.
This course will introduce students to Ichthyology, the study of fishes. The goal of this course is to explore the diversity, biology and ecology of fishes from an evolutionary perspective. Topics covered include, the history of Ichthyology, phylogenic relationships and taxonomic diversity of fishes, morphology, physiology, ecology, evolution and conservation of fishes. The laboratory portion of the course expands upon material presented in lecture and includes field trips to local waters. The labs off hands-on experience in learning about, identifying major orders, families, genera and species of fishes with particular emphasis on species occurring in freshwater and brackish water habitats in Virginia. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 251 with minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 371 - Ornithology
4 credits.
A study of the ecology and evolution, form and function and, classification and identification of birds of the world, with an emphasis on Virginia species. In the laboratory, students will learn to classify and identify, by sight and sound, the birds of the world with an emphasis on species of the eastern United States. Lab work, field activities, and independent study are required, including weekend field trips. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 251 with minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 374 - Entomology
4 credits.
A study of insects: morphology, ecology, evolution, physiology, or taxonomy of the class or of a particular order. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 251 with minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 390 - Directed or Independent Study
1-8 credits.
Must be approved by the head of the department.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 392 - Internship in Biology
1-4 credits.
A semester long on-the-job learning experience designed to apply the principles of biology.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 395 - Special Topics in Biology
1-6 credits.
Specialized courses on a variety of topics that may be offered periodically.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 399 - Evolution
4 credits.
This course examines the principles of organic evolution and the patterns generated by evolutionary processes. Topics include: hypothesis testing in evolutionary biology, origins of variation and novelty, natural selection, molecular evolution, evolutionary development, speciation, and major transitions in evolutionary history. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 288 , or permission of instructor.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 400 - Unifying Biological Principles
3 credits.
An integrative study of phenomena common to all living creatures: metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction, development, inheritance, life’s interactions and the environment through time and space. Themes are studied from the perspective of both cellular and organismic levels of complexity. Open only to junior and senior biology majors and minors. 3 lecture periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 324 and BIOL 341 .
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 404 - Immunology
4 credits.
This course focuses on the specific and non-specific immune responses with particular emphasis on the human system. Relative to each category of immune response, the interplay between immune signaling molecules and relevant cells, tissues, and organs are discussed. Specific topics include: antigen recognition, processing, and presentation, B/T lymphocyte maturation, activation, and differentiation, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, inflammation, hypersensitivity, acute and chronic disease responses, vaccines, and the immunology of cancer. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with minimum grade of C-; BIOL 305 , BIOL 324 or BIOL 326 or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 412 - Biochemistry
4 credits. Crosslisted With: (CHEM 412 )
A study of the chemistry of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and nucleic acids in biological systems. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): CHEM 112 and CHEM 212 with a minimum grade of C- in both courses.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 425 - Modern Genetics
4 credits.
A study of the structure and function of hereditary material at the molecular level. Students will apply current laboratory and analytical technologies to develop research-based critical thinking skills. Topics include DNA-RNA structure and replication, RNA splicing, Protein synthesis, and Genomic analysis. 3 lecture periods. Two 1.5-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C-; BIOL 324 or BIOL 326 ; or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 427 - Molecular Mechanisms of Disease. Molecular Mechanisms of Disease
4 credits.
This course will develop the principles of molecular biology including the biology, structure, and function of DNA and RNA. Lecture will cover a broad range of topics addressing modern tenets of Molecular Biology and how genetic factors contribute to the mechanisms of disease. Particular attention will be given to the action of enzymes on DNA and RNA as a standard process of life, and principles of gene expression. Laboratory sessions will be dedicated to the design and implementation of novel genetic “machines” to understand molecular mechanisms. Course content will be developed through individual and group discussions of select topics. The course is designed for students planning to continue into graduate and professional education. 3 lecture periods. Two 1.5-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C-; BIOL 305 or BIOL 324 ; or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 432 - Freshwater Ecology
4 credits.
This course provides as introduction to the physical, chemical, and biological properties of freshwater ecosystems. Emphasis is placed on species interactions among aquatic organisms, including microbes, plants, and animals under varying abiotic conditions. Comparisons between lentic (ponds, lakes, wetlands) and lotic (streams, rivers) as well as natural and man-made systems are discussed, and human impacts on fresh waters are investigated. Field sampling of various freshwater habitats is conducted during the laboratory component to compliment lecture topics. Weekend field trips may be required. 3 lecture periods. One 3-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with minimum grade of C-; CHEM 112 , MATH 301 , and BIOL 330 , BIOL 341 , or BIOL 342 ; or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 434 - Ecosystem Ecology
4 credits
This course will examine how the living processes on the Earth interact chemically with the non-living aspects of the Earth’s atmosphere, and surface. The course will cover both the history of life’s impact on the Earth’s chemistry and how present day life continues to interact with the abiotic processes on Earth. The course will also discuss the unique role that human activities play in the present state of Earth’s surface chemistry and biology. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with minimum grads of C-; MATH 301 , CHEM 111 , and BIOL 305 or BIOL 341 ; or permission of instructor
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 450 - Biology of Cancer
4 credits.
This course focuses on the basic cellular and molecular mechanisms of cancer with an emphasis on comparing the cellular and molecular biology of healthy cells and cancer cells. To understand how a normal cell becomes cancerous, this course will examine the development of cancer as it relates to genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, cell biology, developmental biology, and physiology. In addition, the development and clinical use of therapies based on major discoveries in cancer biology research will be investigated. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C-; BIOL 324 , BIOL 326 or BIOL 360 ; or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 455 - Seminar Topics in Biology
1-3 credits.
The study of current topics in biology through reading and discussion of the primary literature. This course will emphasize advanced critical analysis and the integration of knowledge in the chosen field to the broader scientific context. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C- and MATH 301 , or permission of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be recommended, depending on the topic.
Corequisite(s): None.
SP
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BIOL 460 - Topics in Field Biology
3-6 credits.
The study of field biology in the context of an area of specialization such as, but not limited to, the following: botany, ecology, ornithology, herpetology, or mammalogy. In addition to local field trips, independent field study and overnight field trips may be required. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C- or permission of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be recommended, depending on the topic.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 465 - Advanced Laboratory Techniques
1-6 credits.
The study and application of advanced laboratory techniques in the context of an area of specialization, such as, but not limited to the following: molecular biology, protein biochemistry, phylogenetics, microbial fermentation, chemical composition of environmental samples. In addition to laboratory sessions, independent study, data collection outside of normal laboratory sessions, and field-trips to collect samples may be required. Lecture and laboratory sessions will focus on the theoretical and practical skills required to address a research-centric topic. May be repeated for credit when the topic changes.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with a minimum grade of C- and MATH 171 , or permission of instructor. Additional prerequisites may be recommended, depending on the topic.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 475 - Animal Behavior
4 credits.
An examination of the evolutionary, developmental, ecological, and physiological mechanisms and significance of animal behavior. Focal areas include foraging, communication, migration, predator-prey interactions, mating and parental care. An inclusive sampling of those species (e.g., insects, reptiles, bird and mammals) will be studied. 3 lecture periods. One 2-hour lab periods.
Prerequisite(s): BIOL 288 with minimum grades of C-; MATH 301 and BIOL 341 or BIOL 399 ; or permission of the instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 488 - Senior Capstone in Biology
3 credits.
An integrative study of biology that serves as a capstone experience for the major. Students will be challenged to utilize and reflect upon knowledge and skills acquired throughout the curriculum, including the role of science in society. Critical analysis of primary literature will be applied to writing a research proposal and demonstrating skills in written and oral communication. Additional emphasis will be placed on professional development, information literacy, and collaborative work skills.
Prerequisite(s): MATH 261 or MATH 301 ; a minimum of one Organismal Area course (BIOL 301 , BIOL 303 , BIOL 309 , or BIOL 315 ), one Cell and Molecular Area course (BIOL 305 , BIOL 324 , BIOL 326 , or BIOL 360 ) and one Ecology and Evolution Area course (BIOL 330 , BIOL 341 , BIOL 342 , or BIOL 399 ; and completion of at least 3 credits in BIOL 400 - 491; or permission of instructor.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 489 - Senior Assessment
Zero credits.
Assessment of the student during the last semester of coursework. Grading is Pass/Fail. Satisfactory completion of the ePortfolio and a program-defined assessment is required to pass this course.
Prerequisite(s) or corequisite(s): Prerequisite or may be taken concurrently: BIOL 488 .
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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BIOL 490 - Directed or Independent Study
1-12 credits.
A directed project administered by qualified specialists in the department. By permission of instructor and must be approved by the head of the department.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
*Fulfills General Education Goal 14.
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BIOL 492 - Internship in Biology
1-5 credits.
A semester-long, on-the-job learning experience designed to apply the principles of biology.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
*Fulfills General Education Goal 14.
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BIOL 494 - Advanced Internship in Biology
1-5 credits.
A semester-long, on-the-job learning experience designed to apply the principles of biology. May be a continuation of BIOL 492 or a new internship experience that involves advanced responsibilities and application of knowledge. May be repeated.
Prerequisite(s): None.
Corequisite(s): None.
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